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An essay is also called a thought experiment. For the first time, students in high school, in their last years of schooling, come into contact with this type of text. In some federal states there is the possibility to compose an essay on a given topic in the examination. Depending on the subject of study at the university, it is common for students to write one or the other essay. The formal conditions are different. At school, an essay usually has up to five pages; at the university the essay should sometimes even have ten pages.

The author usually has great freedom in the essay. Unlike housework, you do not have to show that you can work scientifically correct. An essay is a witty treatise that looks at phenomena from science, culture and society. Compare this type of text with a column and the journalistic text types such as gloss or comment.

Paperwriter.ca: Literary essay vs. explanatory essay

There are generally two types of essays. In the literary essay you are completely free. You should only look at the chosen topic of the essay from different perspectives and develop your thoughts in front of the reader. In an explanatory essay, which is usually common at universities and at school, you should reflect the chosen theme, work out your own perspective and take a stand. You mainly bring in your ideas, arguments and considerations. It's important not just to reflect the positions of others in the essay. In essays you will find rather few to no quotes.

By writing an essay, you will learn to develop your own ideas from other opinions and situations. Sometimes, there is little information available on the Constitution, so you need to be inspired by it and derive your own arguments. You also learn to evaluate academic positions that you acquire in the previous literature research. In addition, writing an essay can be helpful in developing a precise and understandable way of expressing yourself and demonstrating your arguments. Mastering these skills is very important in later life situations. For example, if you have to write an opinion in your future job or write an opinion after an accident.

An essay is not as formal as housework. Even with an essay for the university, you have many stylistic liberties that you should use if possible. In order not to exaggerate you should agree in advance, which stylistic liberties you have.

Of course, the language must be authentic and fit the theme. At the beginning you can decide on which level you want to write. Rather casual or formal? Rather spoken or written? Also switching between levels during the essay is a stylistic device. If you change the language level in certain places, this can clarify or reinforce your reasoning.

In general, stylistic devices help clarify your arguments. Therefore, you should use them in appropriate places, for example, if you want to reinforce the meaning of a point. Some stylistic devices tend to be taken unconsciously by the reader, but they still have an effect. You should use the stylistic devices rather sparingly. Otherwise the reader may get the impression that you are not writing authentically. Thus, your text loses credibility. At the beginning it is probably still difficult to assess whether the stylistic devices are used appropriately, but who has already written some essays, gets over time a feeling for it.

Preliminary work

In general, it is reasonable to start writing the essay as soon as possible. Especially in the end, it makes sense to leave the essay for a few days and correct it later with some distance. That's why you should think about the time horizon. You should allow enough time for topic finding, literature research, structuring, writing and correction. For example, if you have 30 days, you can create a kind of chart that shows for which block you spend how much time. Even if there is sometimes an endless amount of research or reading, you should set a maximum amount of time per category. This can help you to control yourself and make sure you stay on schedule.

First, it depends on whether the topic for the essay is given or whether you can choose one freely. If the latter is the case, you should first think about what interests and moves you. Ask yourself questions like: What am I currently seeing? What moves me? What shocks me? What should change? The search for the topic may take some time, but you should set as described a time limit for the search.

After the topic has been determined, the literature research begins. If the topic is given, there is usually literature that you have to read. It is up to you to draw more literature aside. If no literature is given, you should research this and of course read. Opinions differ on the scope of the literature review: Some recommend that you read rather less literature, because you should reflect your own opinion and not that of others. With little literature, there is more room for inspiration. Who recommends reading a lot, which leads to that, that one should acquire comprehensive knowledge about the topic and thus also better write about it. You should decide for yourself which method suits you better. Most of the essay literature is in a library or online.

When reading, you should highlight important passages in the text and note the core thoughts in a nutshell. It can also help to arrange the notes in a diagram, for example in a mind map. So you structure your thoughts. After writing, you should think about the topic and the literature yourself. It is usually helpful to write them down in order to avoid limiting yourself when thinking. When you write down your thoughts, you can also put them in a mind map to give structure to everything.

On the basis of the mind map, you then make note of your arguments for or against the thesis. For discussion, you can use your own opinion, but you have to argue reasonably. You can also reflect the viewpoints from the literature, but your own opinion should be in the foreground. Also note down examples that you want to cite for clarity.

If there are thesis and arguments, you should design an outline. Think about how you want to get into the topic and make your arguments meaningful. Basically, it is helpful to first write the main part and then initiate and end. Finally, you should formulate the title.

Essay review: flexibility in structure

For the essay, there is only a rough structure, the subtleties you have to decide based on your theme itself. First, your essay needs a title, or a headline. The title should be understandable and meaningful and make you want to read the essay. As a rule, one omits a table of contents, notes and footnotes.

At the beginning of course follows the introduction, which should be short compared to the main part. Make sure to keep the transitions between the introduction, the main part and the ending, as well as between the paragraphs flowing. After the introduction follows the main part. It's not common to work with subheadings in the essay. Therefore, you should make thematically meaningful paragraphs. This should also be clearly recognizable, it is best to start at the beginning of the paragraph. As a rule, a paragraph should not occupy more than half a page. It is also important not to lose sight of the thesis. For the arguments, you should give examples and make sense of your opinion.

After all arguments are mentioned, the conclusion follows. This is usually slightly longer than the introduction, but you should also be brief here. A bibliography is at the end of the essay is common especially at University, but not always required.

In the introduction, you should give your own opinion in the first sentence, if possible. You have to name the thesis at the beginning. You can also fall into the house with the door and briefly describe your own experience of the thesis. Do not go into the reasoning in the introduction. It is important that you make the reader want to read on.

Based on the outline you formulate in the main part of your arguments. Give arguments for or against your thesis. You should not only make your own opinion known, but also explain it in detail and logically. You can also use the literature read, examples from your life, or thought experiments. If you can no longer come up with any arguments for your thesis, it helps to consider which arguments the opposing side could apply and what you would return to them.

The decisive factor is the order of the arguments. Use your strongest argument consciously and reinforce weaker arguments with stylistic devices. Otherwise, your essay can quickly get boring. If you introduce new terms, be sure to explain them so everyone knows what you mean. Think carefully about which arguments are convincing and which rather less. Use a few strong arguments rather than many weak points.

You should avoid just reproducing the literature, describing problems to the thesis, or telling the topic. Although a background is important to the reader, your reasoning is the most important part of the essay. Do not lose sight of the main lines of reasoning. If your thesis is not formulated clearly enough, it also becomes difficult with the discussion.

In the final part you should definitely go back to the question. Do not call new arguments; repeat at most the main argument. In the end you can give an overview of the research situation and the validity of your thesis. In the end you should draw a summary and give an outlook. Sometimes it also makes sense to connect to other topics briefly.

Especially with longer texts, it is never wrong to leave them a few days after writing and read them by far one more time. From a formal point of view, you should be careful when correcting to find spelling and grammatical errors. It also helps to read the text aloud to yourself. You can also see if the reading flow is right. If you often come to a halt, you should revise the transitions. If you quote, you should check if you have marked the quotes accordingly.

In terms of content, you should think again about whether the formulated arguments are logically structured and comprehensible formulated. If necessary, you can still incorporate stylistic devices to enhance the effect. If you find arguments too weak, sort them out. The arguments put forward should be really convincing. Also consider whether the arguments are sorted correctly, another order can make a lot of difference.

It is definitely recommended to have the essay read by a third party. Too many opinions can be confusing. But it makes sense if a fellow student and a specialist foreigner read the essay. The trial readers should then evaluate whether the arguments were formulated intelligible. If you are unsure about using stylistic devices, you can also ask your testers what their impression was, whether the stylistic devices work as desired or whether you should remove some. Then you should revise the text again based on the criticism.

After you have submitted the essay, you usually get a rating at the university with a reason. If the reason or detailed feedback is missing, it is useful to ask the proofreader. If you have to write another essay later, then you know at which points you still have to work. Although some things are also a matter of opinion, it is helpful to know whether one has argued incomprehensibly in some places or could also use more stylistic devices. Practice creates masters.